Which characterizes leaf symptoms of Beet curly top geminivirus infection?

The symptoms associated with Beet curly top geminivirus infection are typically characterized by yellow margins and twisting of leaves. This viral infection commonly leads to distinct leaf deformities, where the leaves exhibit curling, with their edges becoming yellowed and crisp.

The twisting of leaves is a hallmark sign of this viral pathogen, as the plant's growth is distorted, causing the leaves to not only curl but also to often have irregular shapes and sizes. This response is a direct result of the virus interfering with the plant's normal physiological processes, particularly those related to nutrient transport and photosynthesis.

The presence of yellow margins signifies stress and potential chlorosis, which is common in plants affected by viral infections. These symptoms are useful for identification, allowing growers and pest control advisers to recognize the disease and take appropriate management actions.