What technique involves the identification and cloning of specific genes to confirm the presence of virus DNA?

The technique that involves the identification and cloning of specific genes to confirm the presence of virus DNA is DNA hybridization. This method is based on the principle of complementary base pairing between nucleic acid strands. When a sample containing viral DNA is exposed to labeled probes that are complementary to the target sequences of the virus, any hybridization that occurs indicates the presence of the virus in the sample. This technique is particularly effective for detecting specific sequences of viral DNA, allowing researchers to confirm the identity of the virus.

DNA hybridization is also essential in molecular biology for cloning specific genes. By identifying and isolating sequences of interest, scientists can insert these sequences into vectors that can be replicated in host cells, further confirming the viral presence through subsequent assays. The specificity and sensitivity of this method make it a powerful tool in virology and pathogen diagnostics.

In comparison, techniques like Polymerase Chain Reaction are used for amplifying DNA sequences rather than confirming their identity directly. Electron Microscopy visualizes viral structures but does not confirm genetic material. Serological Testing detects antibodies rather than nucleic acids. Each technique serves different purposes and provides unique insights into the presence of a virus, but DNA hybridization specifically addresses the need for gene identification and confirmation.