What is the effect of excess soil moisture on root systems?

Excess soil moisture has a detrimental effect on root systems, leading to root death. When the soil is overly saturated, it creates conditions that can suffocate roots by limiting oxygen availability. Roots require oxygen for respiration, and excess moisture can hinder their ability to take it up, resulting in a lack of energy for growth and function. This anaerobic environment also fosters the development of root rot pathogens, which can further contribute to root decline and ultimately death. Therefore, managing soil moisture levels is crucial to maintaining healthy root systems and overall plant health.