What is a significant consequence of excess nitrogen in a crop field?

Excess nitrogen in a crop field can significantly favor the development of damping-off diseases, which are caused by soil-borne pathogens that thrive in overly fertile conditions. When nitrogen levels are too high, it leads to the vigorous growth of plant tissue, particularly in seedlings, which can create an environment conducive to fungal infections. Pathogens such as Pythium and Rhizoctonia are known to cause damping-off, and they proliferate in nutrient-rich environments. Consequently, the heightened growth of delicate seedlings makes them more susceptible to these soil-borne diseases, leading to increased mortality rates among young plants.

In addition, the imbalance of nutrients can disrupt the natural defenses of plants, making them less resistant to disease. Thus, nurturing a balanced nutrient profile, particularly in terms of nitrogen, is crucial in reducing the risk of such diseases in the crop production system.