What condition may result from excess soil moisture?

Excess soil moisture can lead to a variety of stress conditions in plants, and one of the most significant outcomes is the appearance of pale green, chlorotic, and wilted plants. When soil retains too much moisture, it can create an environment that is detrimental to root health. Roots may become waterlogged, leading to a lack of oxygen available for the plants, which is essential for respiration.

As a result, the plants struggle to uptake nutrients effectively, leading to symptoms such as chlorosis, characterized by yellowing of leaves due to insufficient chlorophyll production. Wilting occurs because roots are not able to absorb sufficient water, causing a lack of turgor pressure needed to maintain firmness and support in the plant structure. This combination of chlorosis and wilting is often a clear indicator of overwatering or excessive soil moisture conditions affecting plant health.

The other choices represent conditions typically associated with healthy or well-balanced plant growth rather than the detrimental effects of excess soil moisture.