How do mineral deficiencies typically manifest in plants?

Mineral deficiencies in plants commonly manifest as pale green or yellow older leaves, a condition known as chlorosis. This occurs because essential nutrients, particularly nitrogen and magnesium, are not available in sufficient quantities to support chlorophyll production. As a result, the leaves lose their green color and may appear yellow, with older leaves often showing these signs first since many plants mobilize nutrients from older tissues to support new growth.

In contrast, dark green, thick leaves generally indicate an excess of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, rather than a deficiency. Soft, mushy stems can be a symptom of overwatering or root rot rather than a mineral deficiency. Brightly colored flowers are typically a sign of healthy plants with balanced nutrient levels rather than a manifestation of deficiencies. Therefore, the manifestation of pale green or yellow older leaves is a clear and recognized indicator of mineral deficiency in plants.